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Complete Code Example for Implementing SKU Functionality in E-commerce with PHP

M66 2025-06-18

Complete Code Example for Implementing SKU Functionality in E-commerce with PHP

In e-commerce, SKU (Stock Keeping Unit) is used to identify and manage individual products in inventory. Implementing SKU functionality allows merchants to manage product stock and sales more efficiently, and helps customers choose and purchase items more conveniently. This article demonstrates how to implement SKU functionality in an e-commerce store using a simple PHP example.

Database Design

First, we need to create two tables: one to store product information and another to store SKU details.

1. Product Table Structure (products)

  CREATE TABLE `products` (
    `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
    `name` VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
    `price` DECIMAL(10,2) NOT NULL,
    `description` TEXT,
    PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
  );

2. SKU Table Structure (skus)

  CREATE TABLE `skus` (
    `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
    `product_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
    `size` VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
    `color` VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
    `stock` int(11) NOT NULL,
    PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
    FOREIGN KEY (`product_id`) REFERENCES `products`(`id`) ON DELETE CASCADE
  );

PHP Code Implementation

Next, we will show how to use PHP to connect to the database and handle SKU-related functionalities.

1. Connecting to the Database

  <?php
  $servername = "localhost";
  $username = "username";
  $password = "password";
  $dbname = "database";

  $conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password, $dbname);

  if ($conn->connect_error) {
      die("Connection failed: " . $conn->connect_error);
  }
  ?>

2. Fetch All Product Information

  function getProducts() {
      global $conn;
      $sql = "SELECT * FROM products";
      $result = $conn->query($sql);

      if ($result->num_rows > 0) {
          $products = array();
          while($row = $result->fetch_assoc()) {
              $products[] = $row;
          }
          return $products;
      } else {
          return null;
      }
  }

3. Fetch SKU Information for a Specific Product

  function getSkusByProduct($product_id) {
      global $conn;
      $sql = "SELECT * FROM skus WHERE product_id = $product_id";
      $result = $conn->query($sql);

      if ($result->num_rows > 0) {
          $skus = array();
          while($row = $result->fetch_assoc()) {
              $skus[] = $row;
          }
          return $skus;
      } else {
          return null;
      }
  }

4. Update SKU Stock

  function updateStock($sku_id, $quantity) {
      global $conn;
      $sql = "UPDATE skus SET stock = stock - $quantity WHERE id = $sku_id";
      $conn->query($sql);
  }

5. Add New SKU

  function addSku($product_id, $size, $color, $stock) {
      global $conn;
      $sql = "INSERT INTO skus (product_id, size, color, stock) VALUES ($product_id, '$size', '$color', $stock)";
      $conn->query($sql);
  }

Conclusion

With the code examples above, we have demonstrated how to implement SKU functionality in an e-commerce store using PHP. Developers can further expand and optimize this functionality based on their specific requirements. We hope this example helps you understand how to efficiently manage product inventory using PHP in an e-commerce platform.

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