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Performance optimization is a crucial step when making API batch requests. As the frequency of interface calls increases, reasonable optimization strategies can not only reduce the time overhead of requests, but also improve the response and stability of the overall system. curl_upkeep() in PHP is a powerful tool to optimize the performance of batch requests. In this article, we will explore in-depth how to use curl_upkeep() to improve the performance of API batch requests and illustrate it with sample code.
In practical applications, especially when making a large number of API calls with external services, the delay of network requests often becomes a bottleneck. Each API request involves multiple links such as DNS resolution, TCP connection, HTTP request and response. The time consumed by a single request may seem trivial, but when the number of requests is large, the accumulated time loss may become very considerable. At this time, it is particularly important to optimize the performance of batch requests.
curl_upkeep() is a helper function in PHP that manages and optimizes multiple concurrent HTTP requests through cURL extensions. When API batch requests are required, the traditional practice is usually to send requests one by one, while curl_upkeep() can send multiple requests concurrently, thereby significantly improving the execution efficiency of requests.
The key advantages of curl_upkeep() are:
Concurrent requests : By processing multiple requests in parallel, the waiting time is reduced.
Reuse connections : curl reuses existing connections, avoiding duplicate DNS queries and TCP handshakes.
Flexible control : You can set the requested timeout, concurrency number and other parameters to fine-grain control the request's behavior.
To better understand how to use curl_upkeep() to improve performance, here is a sample code that shows how to implement API batch requests and perform performance optimization.
<?php
// Simulated API Request address
$apiUrls = [
"https://api.m66.net/v1/data/endpoint1",
"https://api.m66.net/v1/data/endpoint2",
"https://api.m66.net/v1/data/endpoint3",
"https://api.m66.net/v1/data/endpoint4",
];
// initialization cURL multi handle
$mh = curl_multi_init();
// create cURL Request handle array
$curlHandles = [];
foreach ($apiUrls as $index => $url) {
$ch = curl_init();
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $url);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, 30); // Set timeout
// Add the handle to multi handle middle
curl_multi_add_handle($mh, $ch);
$curlHandles[$index] = $ch;
}
// Perform all requests and wait for completion
$running = null;
do {
curl_multi_exec($mh, $running);
curl_multi_select($mh);
} while ($running > 0);
// Processing results
foreach ($curlHandles as $index => $ch) {
$response = curl_multi_getcontent($ch);
echo "Response from endpoint " . ($index + 1) . ":\n";
echo $response . "\n";
curl_multi_remove_handle($mh, $ch);
curl_close($ch);
}
// closure multi handle
curl_multi_close($mh);
?>
Initialize cURL multi handle : First, use curl_multi_init() to initialize a cURL multi handle, which is the core of managing multiple cURL requests.
Set a single request : For each API URL, use curl_init() to initialize a single cURL handle and set its request parameters (such as URL, timeout, etc.).
Add request to multi handle : Use curl_multi_add_handle() to add each cURL request handle to the multi handle and start parallel processing.
Execute request : Start all requests through curl_multi_exec() and wait for the request to complete using curl_multi_select() .
Get and process the response : After each request is completed, you can use curl_multi_getcontent() to get the response content and process it.
Clean up resources : After completing the request, use curl_multi_remove_handle() and curl_close() to release the resources, and finally close the multi handle through curl_multi_close() .
In batch requests, in addition to using curl_upkeep() to improve concurrency performance, the following optimization techniques can also be considered:
Connection multiplexing : Set CURLOPT_FORBID_REUSE to false to allow multiplexing of connections, which reduces the connection and DNS lookup time every time you request.
Asynchronous requests : Process requests in an asynchronous manner to ensure that the system does not block other requests because it is waiting for a response from a request.
Request processing in batches : If the number of API requests is too large, you can call them in batches, and each batch processes a certain number of requests to prevent the system from crashing due to processing too many requests.
Appropriately increase the timeout setting : For requests that do not respond for a long time, a reasonable timeout time can be set to avoid the request being in a waiting state.
By using curl_upkeep() to handle API batch requests, request efficiency can be greatly improved, especially when concurrent requests are required. Rationally setting connection multiplexing, concurrency control and timeout time can effectively reduce the total time of requests and improve the system's response capabilities. In large-scale API call scenarios, the use of optimization techniques will make the system more stable and efficient.
Through the examples and analysis in this article, I believe you have mastered how to use curl_upkeep() to optimize the performance of API batch requests.
