如何通過PHP與WebSocket協議進行實時通信

M66 2025-06-07

如何通過PHP與WebSocket協議進行實時通信

隨著Web應用的發展，實時通信在在線聊天、股票行情推送等場景中變得至關重要。 WebSocket協議允許瀏覽器和服務器建立持續的雙向連接，實現高效的實時數據交換。本文將介紹如何利用PHP結合WebSocket協議完成實時通信，並通過代碼示例進行演示。

一、WebSocket協議簡介

WebSocket協議基於TCP協議，支持全雙工通信。與傳統HTTP相比，WebSocket可以實現服務器主動推送數據，客戶端也能即時響應。其主要特點包括：

實時雙向通信：無需客戶端輪詢，服務器和客戶端可實時交互。
通信開銷低：報文頭部更小，節省帶寬資源。
性能優越：保持長連接，減少握手次數，提升響應速度。

二、PHP WebSocket擴展介紹

雖然PHP官方未直接支持WebSocket，但通過擴展庫可實現相關功能。常用擴展有：

Ratchet：輕量級WebSocket庫，支持服務端和客戶端。
Swoole：高性能網絡通信庫，支持多種協議。
Workerman：多線程Socket框架，支持WebSocket服務端和客戶端。

本文以Ratchet擴展為例，演示WebSocket通信的實現過程。

三、安裝Ratchet擴展

通過Composer安裝Ratchet：

 <span class="fun">composer require cboden/ratchet</span>

四、創建WebSocket服務端

下面示例展示一個簡單的服務端，實現接收消息並廣播給所有連接客戶端：

 <?php
use Ratchet\MessageComponentInterface;
use Ratchet\ConnectionInterface;
<p>require 'vendor/autoload.php';</p>
<p>class MyWebSocketServer implements MessageComponentInterface {<br>
protected $clients;</p>
<pre class="overflow-visible!"><div class="contain-inline-size rounded-2xl border-[0.5px] border-token-border-medium relative bg-token-sidebar-surface-primary"><div class="flex items-center text-token-text-secondary px-4 py-2 text-xs font-sans justify-between h-9 bg-token-sidebar-surface-primary dark:bg-token-main-surface-secondary select-none rounded-t-2xl">php</div><div class="sticky top-9"><div class="absolute end-0 bottom-0 flex h-9 items-center pe-2"><div class="bg-token-sidebar-surface-primary text-token-text-secondary dark:bg-token-main-surface-secondary flex items-center gap-4 rounded-sm px-2 font-sans text-xs"><button class="flex gap-1 items-center select-none py-1" aria-label="複製"><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-xs"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M7 5C7 3.34315 8.34315 2 10 2H19C20.6569 2 22 3.34315 22 5V14C22 15.6569 20.6569 17 19 17H17V19C17 20.6569 15.6569 22 14 22H5C3.34315 22 2 20.6569 2 19V10C2 8.34315 3.34315 7 5 7H7V5ZM9 7H14C15.6569 7 17 8.34315 17 10V15H19C19.5523 15 20 14.5523 20 14V5C20 4.44772 19.5523 4 19 4H10C9.44772 4 9 4.44772 9 5V7ZM5 9C4.44772 9 4 9.44772 4 10V19C4 19.5523 4.44772 20 5 20H14C14.5523 20 15 19.5523 15 19V10C15 9.44772 14.5523 9 14 9H5Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg>複製</button><button class="flex items-center gap-1 py-1 select-none"><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-xs"><path d="M2.5 5.5C4.3 5.2 5.2 4 5.5 2.5C5.8 4 6.7 5.2 8.5 5.5C6.7 5.8 5.8 7 5.5 8.5C5.2 7 4.3 5.8 2.5 5.5Z" fill="currentColor" stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path><path d="M5.66282 16.5231L5.18413 19.3952C5.12203 19.7678 5.09098 19.9541 5.14876 20.0888C5.19933 20.2067 5.29328 20.3007 5.41118 20.3512C5.54589 20.409 5.73218 20.378 6.10476 20.3159L8.97693 19.8372C9.72813 19.712 10.1037 19.6494 10.4542 19.521C10.7652 19.407 11.0608 19.2549 11.3343 19.068C11.6425 18.8575 11.9118 18.5882 12.4503 18.0497L20 10.5C21.3807 9.11929 21.3807 6.88071 20 5.5C18.6193 4.11929 16.3807 4.11929 15 5.5L7.45026 13.0497C6.91175 13.5882 6.6425 13.8575 6.43197 14.1657C6.24513 14.4392 6.09299 14.7348 5.97903 15.0458C5.85062 15.3963 5.78802 15.7719 5.66282 16.5231Z" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path><path d="M14.5 7L18.5 11" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path></svg>編輯</button></div></div></div><div class="overflow-y-auto p-4" dir="ltr">public function __construct() {
    $this->clients = new \SplObjectStorage;
}

public function onOpen(ConnectionInterface $conn) {
    $this->clients->attach($conn);
}

public function onMessage(ConnectionInterface $from, $msg) {
    foreach ($this->clients as $client) {
        $client->send($msg);
    }
}

public function onClose(ConnectionInterface $conn) {
    $this->clients->detach($conn);
}

public function onError(ConnectionInterface $conn, \Exception $e) {
    echo "Error: {$e->getMessage()}\n";
    $conn->close();
}

}

$server = new \Ratchet\Server\IoServer( new \Ratchet\Http\HttpServer( new \Ratchet\WebSocket\WsServer( new MyWebSocketServer() ) ), new \React\Socket\Server('0.0.0.0:8000', new \React\EventLoop\StreamSelectLoop()) );

$server->run();

`五、創建WebSocket客戶端`

以下客戶端示例實現連接服務器、發送消息並接收響應：

 <?php
use Ratchet\Client\WebSocket;
use Ratchet\Client\Connector;
use React\EventLoop\Factory as EventLoopFactory;
<p>require 'vendor/autoload.php';</p>
<p>$loop = EventLoopFactory::create();<br>
$connector = new Connector($loop);</p>
<p>$connector('ws://localhost:8000')->then(function(WebSocket $conn) {<br>
$conn->on('message', function($msg) use ($conn) {<br>
echo "Received: {$msg}\n";<br>
$conn->close();<br>
});</p>
<pre class="overflow-visible!"><div class="contain-inline-size rounded-2xl border-[0.5px] border-token-border-medium relative bg-token-sidebar-surface-primary"><div class="flex items-center text-token-text-secondary px-4 py-2 text-xs font-sans justify-between h-9 bg-token-sidebar-surface-primary dark:bg-token-main-surface-secondary select-none rounded-t-2xl">perl</div><div class="sticky top-9"><div class="absolute end-0 bottom-0 flex h-9 items-center pe-2"><div class="bg-token-sidebar-surface-primary text-token-text-secondary dark:bg-token-main-surface-secondary flex items-center gap-4 rounded-sm px-2 font-sans text-xs"><button class="flex gap-1 items-center select-none py-1" aria-label="複製"><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-xs"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M7 5C7 3.34315 8.34315 2 10 2H19C20.6569 2 22 3.34315 22 5V14C22 15.6569 20.6569 17 19 17H17V19C17 20.6569 15.6569 22 14 22H5C3.34315 22 2 20.6569 2 19V10C2 8.34315 3.34315 7 5 7H7V5ZM9 7H14C15.6569 7 17 8.34315 17 10V15H19C19.5523 15 20 14.5523 20 14V5C20 4.44772 19.5523 4 19 4H10C9.44772 4 9 4.44772 9 5V7ZM5 9C4.44772 9 4 9.44772 4 10V19C4 19.5523 4.44772 20 5 20H14C14.5523 20 15 19.5523 15 19V10C15 9.44772 14.5523 9 14 9H5Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg>複製</button><button class="flex items-center gap-1 py-1 select-none"><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-xs"><path d="M2.5 5.5C4.3 5.2 5.2 4 5.5 2.5C5.8 4 6.7 5.2 8.5 5.5C6.7 5.8 5.8 7 5.5 8.5C5.2 7 4.3 5.8 2.5 5.5Z" fill="currentColor" stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path><path d="M5.66282 16.5231L5.18413 19.3952C5.12203 19.7678 5.09098 19.9541 5.14876 20.0888C5.19933 20.2067 5.29328 20.3007 5.41118 20.3512C5.54589 20.409 5.73218 20.378 6.10476 20.3159L8.97693 19.8372C9.72813 19.712 10.1037 19.6494 10.4542 19.521C10.7652 19.407 11.0608 19.2549 11.3343 19.068C11.6425 18.8575 11.9118 18.5882 12.4503 18.0497L20 10.5C21.3807 9.11929 21.3807 6.88071 20 5.5C18.6193 4.11929 16.3807 4.11929 15 5.5L7.45026 13.0497C6.91175 13.5882 6.6425 13.8575 6.43197 14.1657C6.24513 14.4392 6.09299 14.7348 5.97903 15.0458C5.85062 15.3963 5.78802 15.7719 5.66282 16.5231Z" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path><path d="M14.5 7L18.5 11" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path></svg>編輯</button></div></div></div><div class="overflow-y-auto p-4" dir="ltr">$conn->send('Hello, WebSocket Server!');

}, function(\Exception $e) use ($loop) { echo "Could not connect: {$e->getMessage()}\n"; $loop->stop(); });

$loop->run();

`六、啟動WebSocket服務`

在命令行分別啟動服務端和客戶端：

 php server.php
php client.php

此時客戶端和服務端即可實現實時數據的雙向通信。

`總結`

本文介紹了使用PHP結合WebSocket協議進行實時通信的基本方法，重點示範了Ratchet擴展的安裝與代碼實現。通過WebSocket協議，PHP應用可以實現高效的服務器推送和客戶端響應，滿足現代Web實時交互的需求。


				
					
						
						
																													
						
					
				
											
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