如何通过PHP与WebSocket协议进行实时通信

M66 2025-06-07

如何通过PHP与WebSocket协议进行实时通信

随着Web应用的发展，实时通信在在线聊天、股票行情推送等场景中变得至关重要。WebSocket协议允许浏览器和服务器建立持续的双向连接，实现高效的实时数据交换。本文将介绍如何利用PHP结合WebSocket协议完成实时通信，并通过代码示例进行演示。

一、WebSocket协议简介

WebSocket协议基于TCP协议，支持全双工通信。与传统HTTP相比，WebSocket可以实现服务器主动推送数据，客户端也能即时响应。其主要特点包括：

实时双向通信：无需客户端轮询，服务器和客户端可实时交互。
通信开销低：报文头部更小，节省带宽资源。
性能优越：保持长连接，减少握手次数，提升响应速度。

二、PHP WebSocket扩展介绍

虽然PHP官方未直接支持WebSocket，但通过扩展库可实现相关功能。常用扩展有：

Ratchet：轻量级WebSocket库，支持服务端和客户端。
Swoole：高性能网络通信库，支持多种协议。
Workerman：多线程Socket框架，支持WebSocket服务端和客户端。

本文以Ratchet扩展为例，演示WebSocket通信的实现过程。

三、安装Ratchet扩展

通过Composer安装Ratchet：

<span class="fun">composer require cboden/ratchet</span>

四、创建WebSocket服务端

下面示例展示一个简单的服务端，实现接收消息并广播给所有连接客户端：

<?php
use Ratchet\MessageComponentInterface;
use Ratchet\ConnectionInterface;
<p>require 'vendor/autoload.php';</p>
<p>class MyWebSocketServer implements MessageComponentInterface {<br>
protected $clients;</p>
<pre class="overflow-visible!"><div class="contain-inline-size rounded-2xl border-[0.5px] border-token-border-medium relative bg-token-sidebar-surface-primary"><div class="flex items-center text-token-text-secondary px-4 py-2 text-xs font-sans justify-between h-9 bg-token-sidebar-surface-primary dark:bg-token-main-surface-secondary select-none rounded-t-2xl">php</div><div class="sticky top-9"><div class="absolute end-0 bottom-0 flex h-9 items-center pe-2"><div class="bg-token-sidebar-surface-primary text-token-text-secondary dark:bg-token-main-surface-secondary flex items-center gap-4 rounded-sm px-2 font-sans text-xs"><button class="flex gap-1 items-center select-none py-1" aria-label="复制"><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-xs"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M7 5C7 3.34315 8.34315 2 10 2H19C20.6569 2 22 3.34315 22 5V14C22 15.6569 20.6569 17 19 17H17V19C17 20.6569 15.6569 22 14 22H5C3.34315 22 2 20.6569 2 19V10C2 8.34315 3.34315 7 5 7H7V5ZM9 7H14C15.6569 7 17 8.34315 17 10V15H19C19.5523 15 20 14.5523 20 14V5C20 4.44772 19.5523 4 19 4H10C9.44772 4 9 4.44772 9 5V7ZM5 9C4.44772 9 4 9.44772 4 10V19C4 19.5523 4.44772 20 5 20H14C14.5523 20 15 19.5523 15 19V10C15 9.44772 14.5523 9 14 9H5Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg>复制</button><button class="flex items-center gap-1 py-1 select-none"><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-xs"><path d="M2.5 5.5C4.3 5.2 5.2 4 5.5 2.5C5.8 4 6.7 5.2 8.5 5.5C6.7 5.8 5.8 7 5.5 8.5C5.2 7 4.3 5.8 2.5 5.5Z" fill="currentColor" stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path><path d="M5.66282 16.5231L5.18413 19.3952C5.12203 19.7678 5.09098 19.9541 5.14876 20.0888C5.19933 20.2067 5.29328 20.3007 5.41118 20.3512C5.54589 20.409 5.73218 20.378 6.10476 20.3159L8.97693 19.8372C9.72813 19.712 10.1037 19.6494 10.4542 19.521C10.7652 19.407 11.0608 19.2549 11.3343 19.068C11.6425 18.8575 11.9118 18.5882 12.4503 18.0497L20 10.5C21.3807 9.11929 21.3807 6.88071 20 5.5C18.6193 4.11929 16.3807 4.11929 15 5.5L7.45026 13.0497C6.91175 13.5882 6.6425 13.8575 6.43197 14.1657C6.24513 14.4392 6.09299 14.7348 5.97903 15.0458C5.85062 15.3963 5.78802 15.7719 5.66282 16.5231Z" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path><path d="M14.5 7L18.5 11" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path></svg>编辑</button></div></div></div><div class="overflow-y-auto p-4" dir="ltr">public function __construct() {
    $this->clients = new \SplObjectStorage;
}

public function onOpen(ConnectionInterface $conn) {
    $this->clients->attach($conn);
}

public function onMessage(ConnectionInterface $from, $msg) {
    foreach ($this->clients as $client) {
        $client->send($msg);
    }
}

public function onClose(ConnectionInterface $conn) {
    $this->clients->detach($conn);
}

public function onError(ConnectionInterface $conn, \Exception $e) {
    echo "Error: {$e->getMessage()}\n";
    $conn->close();
}


}
$server = new \Ratchet\Server\IoServer(

new \Ratchet\Http\HttpServer(

new \Ratchet\WebSocket\WsServer(

new MyWebSocketServer()

)

),

new \React\Socket\Server('0.0.0.0:8000', new \React\EventLoop\StreamSelectLoop())

);

$server->run();

五、创建WebSocket客户端

以下客户端示例实现连接服务器、发送消息并接收响应：

<?php
use Ratchet\Client\WebSocket;
use Ratchet\Client\Connector;
use React\EventLoop\Factory as EventLoopFactory;
<p>require 'vendor/autoload.php';</p>
<p>$loop = EventLoopFactory::create();<br>
$connector = new Connector($loop);</p>
<p>$connector('ws://localhost:8000')->then(function(WebSocket $conn) {<br>
$conn->on('message', function($msg) use ($conn) {<br>
echo "Received: {$msg}\n";<br>
$conn->close();<br>
});</p>
<pre class="overflow-visible!"><div class="contain-inline-size rounded-2xl border-[0.5px] border-token-border-medium relative bg-token-sidebar-surface-primary"><div class="flex items-center text-token-text-secondary px-4 py-2 text-xs font-sans justify-between h-9 bg-token-sidebar-surface-primary dark:bg-token-main-surface-secondary select-none rounded-t-2xl">perl</div><div class="sticky top-9"><div class="absolute end-0 bottom-0 flex h-9 items-center pe-2"><div class="bg-token-sidebar-surface-primary text-token-text-secondary dark:bg-token-main-surface-secondary flex items-center gap-4 rounded-sm px-2 font-sans text-xs"><button class="flex gap-1 items-center select-none py-1" aria-label="复制"><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-xs"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M7 5C7 3.34315 8.34315 2 10 2H19C20.6569 2 22 3.34315 22 5V14C22 15.6569 20.6569 17 19 17H17V19C17 20.6569 15.6569 22 14 22H5C3.34315 22 2 20.6569 2 19V10C2 8.34315 3.34315 7 5 7H7V5ZM9 7H14C15.6569 7 17 8.34315 17 10V15H19C19.5523 15 20 14.5523 20 14V5C20 4.44772 19.5523 4 19 4H10C9.44772 4 9 4.44772 9 5V7ZM5 9C4.44772 9 4 9.44772 4 10V19C4 19.5523 4.44772 20 5 20H14C14.5523 20 15 19.5523 15 19V10C15 9.44772 14.5523 9 14 9H5Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg>复制</button><button class="flex items-center gap-1 py-1 select-none"><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-xs"><path d="M2.5 5.5C4.3 5.2 5.2 4 5.5 2.5C5.8 4 6.7 5.2 8.5 5.5C6.7 5.8 5.8 7 5.5 8.5C5.2 7 4.3 5.8 2.5 5.5Z" fill="currentColor" stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path><path d="M5.66282 16.5231L5.18413 19.3952C5.12203 19.7678 5.09098 19.9541 5.14876 20.0888C5.19933 20.2067 5.29328 20.3007 5.41118 20.3512C5.54589 20.409 5.73218 20.378 6.10476 20.3159L8.97693 19.8372C9.72813 19.712 10.1037 19.6494 10.4542 19.521C10.7652 19.407 11.0608 19.2549 11.3343 19.068C11.6425 18.8575 11.9118 18.5882 12.4503 18.0497L20 10.5C21.3807 9.11929 21.3807 6.88071 20 5.5C18.6193 4.11929 16.3807 4.11929 15 5.5L7.45026 13.0497C6.91175 13.5882 6.6425 13.8575 6.43197 14.1657C6.24513 14.4392 6.09299 14.7348 5.97903 15.0458C5.85062 15.3963 5.78802 15.7719 5.66282 16.5231Z" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path><path d="M14.5 7L18.5 11" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path></svg>编辑</button></div></div></div><div class="overflow-y-auto p-4" dir="ltr">$conn->send('Hello, WebSocket Server!');


}, function(\Exception $e) use ($loop) {

echo "Could not connect: {$e->getMessage()}\n";

$loop->stop();

});

$loop->run();

六、启动WebSocket服务

在命令行分别启动服务端和客户端：

php server.php
php client.php

此时客户端和服务端即可实现实时数据的双向通信。

总结

本文介绍了使用PHP结合WebSocket协议进行实时通信的基本方法，重点示范了Ratchet扩展的安装与代码实现。通过WebSocket协议，PHP应用可以实现高效的服务器推送和客户端响应，满足现代Web实时交互的需求。